Alcohol Effects on College Students free essay sample

Drug and alcohol use on college campuses is universal. Students articulate many reasons why they do it, but most neglect to consider both the long-term consequences of their actions. How wide-spread is drug and alcohol abuse? Teenagers today admit to extensive experimentation. According to one study, 90 percent of teens said that they have used alcohol, over 50 percent have used marijuana, 17 percent have used cocaine and 13 percent have used some form of hallucinogenic drug. Drug use has been classified as a major problem of students as early as in the fourth grade. Consequently, it is no surprise that substance use is prolific on college campuses, where many young adults are free from adult supervision for the first time in their lives. Some campuses through out the nation enforce the no alcohol rule while others just make sure you are legally consuming alcohol, which includes you being 21 years of age. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Effects on College Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It alters the way you think and act, that is why there is an age limit for it to be consumed. Consuming alcohol can cause harmful consequences. Approximately 44 percent of college students are classified as heavy drinkers by the Harvard School of Public Health’s College Alcohol Study (CAS). According to these researchers, a male high-risk drinker has had five or more drinks in row at least once in the past two weeks; for women this measure is four or more drinks. Students who binge drink are more likely to damage property, have trouble with authorities, miss classes, have hangovers, and experience injuries than those who do not. Students who drink heavily may have periods of memory loss, fatal injuries, engage in risky sexual behavior and may drop out of school due to academic failure. Young women who binge drink may put themselves at risk for sexual assault. Students living on campuses with higher proportions of binge drinkers experience more incidents of assault and unwanted sexual advances as a result of their peers drinking than do students residing on campuses with lower proportions of binge drinkers. The consequences of heavy drinking on campus likewise affect non-drinking students. Property damage, vomiting in public, and litter are typically seen on campuses with heavy drinking populations. Sleep loss and disrupted study time on the part of students affected by others’ drinking are common. Similarly, failure and dropout rates due to student alcohol misuse can harm a college’s academic reputation, resulting in the loss of tuition and the ability to draw in high-caliber students. Research also demonstrates that alcohol is associated with aggressive behavior. Alcohol-related sexual assault is a common occurrence on college campuses. When alcohol is involved, acts meeting the legal definition of rape seem to be more likely to happen. The marriage between alcohol consumption and college life has long been accepted as the norm within the confines of campus existence. However, the past decade has marked a period in time when violent outbreaks and campus riots are being attributed more and more to teen alcohol abuse, rendering it illegal on several major school grounds. Even though such alcohol restrictions represent a potential answer to the problem, they are also causing even more riotous behavior inasmuch as students contend their rights are being violated by the limitation. It is clear that an overwhelming number of college students, many of whom are below the minimum drinking age, use alcohol and that the pattern of binge drinking is widespread among our college campuses. Binge drinking is of particular concern, not only because of its risks to the drinker but because of the problems it causes for those around the drinker. Research on the extent of the problem is detailed and persuasive. In 2005, about 10. 8 million persons ages 12-20 (28. 2% of this age group) reported drinking alcohol in the past month. Nearly 7. 2 million (18. 8%) were binge drinkers, and 2. 3 million (6. 0%) were heavy drinkers. More males than females ages 12-20 reported current alcohol use (28. 9% vs. 27. 5%), binge drinking (21. 3% vs. 16. 1%), and heavy drinking (7. 6% vs. 4. 3%). 48% of college drinkers report that ‘drinking to get drunk’ is an important reason for drinking. Almost 1 in 4 drink alcohol 10 or more times a month and 29% report being intoxicated 3 or more times per month. One of the most common consequences of alcohol abuse by students is difficulty keeping up with academic responsibilities. The number of drinks a student consumes is directly associated with the student’s grades. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, about a quarter of college students report experiencing difficulty with academics due to alcohol use, including earning low grades, doing poorly on tests and papers, missing class, and falling behind. Alcohol abuse undermines the academic mission of colleges and universities. Heavy drinking and its effect on student performance can lead to a decline in the overall academic performance of an institution of higher education. Some feel pressured to use drugs or alcohol at social gatherings either because everyone else seems to be doing it, or because they believe it’s the cool thing to do. Others believe that drug or alcohol abuse offers a way to escape from school or work related stress, financial worries or relationship problems. Some feel that alcohol or drugs provide a way to compensate for feelings of shyness or low self-esteem. Sometimes, these drugs act as a substitute for satisfying relationships, educational accomplishments or self-fulfillment. In addition to putting students at risk while on campus, the effects of alcohol abuse among college students can lead to long-term health and safety problems. Many reports over the years have indicated an association between alcohol consumption and infectious illness among chronic heavy drinkers; however, many patients in these studies have been chronically ill. Thus the question of whether alcohol can appreciably influence immunity in humans and affect the incidence of infectious diseases remains largely unanswered. Students drinking 28 or more alcoholic drinks per week had significantly more health problems in the aggregate and those drinking more than 22 drinks per week had more upper respiratory infections compared to the other students including non drinkers. In conclusion, excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of respiratory infections but more moderate intake had little effect on the health risk. Alcoholism treatment programs are available but often are not accessible to a broad audience. The heaviest drinkers are the least likely to seek treatment, yet experience or are responsible for the most alcohol-related problems on campus.

What Part Does Gold Play in the Lives of Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner Essays

What Part Does Gold Play in the Lives of Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner Essays What Part Does Gold Play in the Lives of Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner Paper What Part Does Gold Play in the Lives of Godfrey Cass and Silas Marner Paper Essay Topic: Literature The God Of Small Things George Eliots 19th century novel explores the lives of the people of Raveloe, especially those of Godfrey Cass and the weaver Silas Marner. Raveloe was a small, sleepy village tucked far away from the advancing industrial revolution. Raveloe lay low among the bushy trees and the rutted lanes, aloof from the currents of industrial energy The inhabitants of the village led simple lives and were all traditionally church going. They were highly suspicious of strangers, particularly those from different parts of the country. This reflects the fact that travel was inevitably slower and more arduous than it is today, and any traveller would have been seen as though almost from a different country. Even though Silas and Godfrey have seemingly nothing in common, leading two very different lives separated by a large gulf in class, they are both linked together by the power of gold, in the literal and symbolic sense. By the end of the novel their paths have intertwined. The book starts with Silas very much alone, his faith in mankind and God shattered. Poor Marner went out with despair in his soul that shakes trust in man and God, which is little short of madness to a loving nature George Eliot describes Silas as honest and simple and says he is a good man. He lives within a religious sect in a convent called Lantern Yard in a large soon to be industrialised northern town. When his friend of many years at the sect, William Dane, betrays him by falsely accusing him of the theft of gold, Silas is crushed. At the base of Silass problems throughout the book is gold. He leaves the sect a broken man, a deep distrust of mankind firmly rooted in him. Marner previously lived in lantern yard, an area within a large town, and led a life of charity and he gave a large proportion of his money to objects of piety and charity. However, Silas Marner has no faith when in Raveloe due to the events in Lantern Yard and gives no money to money to charity, therefore, his money builds up to a heap. The events in Lantern Yard which forced Silas Marner into isolation, involved the death of the Deacon, by illness. Unfortunately Marner had been watching over his deathbed and had been arrested by an attack of his catalepsy, which is seen as a spiritual vision of some sort in Lantern Yard but is viewed with suspicion in Raveloe. While this was happening, Marners best friend William Dane steals the Deacons money with Marners knife to frame him it works and the whole thing is blamed on Marner. When he arrives in Raveloe he avoids all the folk of the town because he thought that the reason he was blamed for the theft of the Deacons money was due to his own fault and not the greed of William Dane. While in Lantern Yard Silas Marner has a fianci e who did not seem to like him much, she always had fluctuation between efforts of regard and involuntary signs of shrinking and dislike. During his time in Raveloe, Silas Marner builds up his money in an iron pot but when this becomes too small, he makes two leather bags to put the money into. Marner always thought fondly of the guineas and he liked them the most of all his coins. This shows that after the Lantern Yard scandal he replaces the need for human contact with that of his gold. His dependence on seeing his gold is so great that he finds himself running his hands in the bright coins every night and even looking forward to doing so. Unlike Godfrey Cass, who thinks of money as a thing to be used to get people to like him, Marner dependence is what keeps him through the day. After the theft of the gold Marner is shocked and desolated, for the gold had been keeping him through the day and he had now no person or object to focus his affections on. When Marner discovers that his gold has been stolen he desperately scrambles about the hole where his gold was hidden. This shows just how much he loved the gold. Godfrey Cass, on the other hand, is in debt to his Father at this time and Dunstan Cass, his no-good little brother, has a few suggestions to repay this debt because he spent the money that Godfrey Cass gave to him and so is responsible for his brothers debt. Also, Dunstan Cass has his brother wrapped around his little finger. This is due to Godfrey Cass being extremely weak willed, due to the detail that when he was brought up without a mother and so his life lacked moral teaching and discipline, therefore, he became very weak willed and was not qualified for anything. This is the reason why he uses gold to try to keep people close to him, if he did not and his father found out about his secret marriage then he would be disinherited, a thing that Godfrey was very afraid of due to his lack of skill at anything that could earn him money. Dunstans suggestions to Godfrey regarding the debt include selling Godfrey Casss horse, his only one and a symbol that he is one of the richer people in town. Another of Dunstan Casss suggestions was to rob Silas Marner and cover it up. Dunstan believes this to be a good idea because he has heard that Marner has enough money to buy up bigger men than himself and that he is very blind and so wont be able to see their faces. Eventually Godfrey gives in to his brothers suggestion and agrees for Dunstan to sell his horse in the next town. Dunstans exploits are successful in that he sells the horse to Bryce, for a hundred and twenty, presumably pounds. Unfortunately, Dunstan Cass manages to stake the horse while catching up to the hunt. This is the end of Wildfire, the horse and Godfreys easy way out of debt. However when walking past Marners cottage Dunstan sees that the door is slightly ajar and he enters for warmth, Marner is nowhere to be seen. Looking around the cottage looks normal but Dunstan Cass remembers the rumour that Silas Marner has lots of gold piled up in his house. Dunstan does find the money and sneaks away, but not before putting the bricks and sand, under which the gold lay, back in position. He then disappears into the night. The word disappears could simply suggest that he is swallowed by the darkness but the events that occur later suggest that he falls into the stone pit, which he does without the aid of his brothers whip to guide him along the dark lane, due to both his hands being full. On the eve of the New Year there is a party up at the Red House, the residence of the Cass family. At this time the woman that Godfrey Cass is married to, who is also addicted to opium, is walking through the snow with Godfrey Casss child who, apparently, looks similar to him. At one point she takes a vial of opium mixed with brandy, a common pain killer at the time, and passes out in the snow. The little child is used to being left on its own and so wanders off, the child discovers Marners cottage, the door of which is ajar due to Marner being in a fit of catalepsy whilst looking out of the door, probably in the vain hope that his gold will come back to him. When the child is discovered Marner believes it to be, first his gold and then his dead sister. After this Marner takes in the child because no one else will, not even Godfrey Cass the childs own father, and Marner feels that the child will help him. She is named Eppie, after Marners sister and her hair has golden curls. This is what let Marner to believe that she was his gold that had come back. Marner much prefers the golden curls of Eppies hair to his original gold and Eppie is what brings Marner into the community. This is because she needed to go to school and church. This also rekindled Marners faith somewhat. Eppie also teaches him to love other people and not his gold. Cass, however, still thinks that money is the answer to everything and even tries to tempt Eppie, his daughter, to come and live with him when Eppie is eighteen. This shows that Cass still just uses it to try and make people do what he wants due to his weak willed nature. Finally, gold plays a great part in the life of Silas Marner, he firstly depends on it and when it is stolen he is very grieved but he finds Eppie to focus his affection on and soon he is no longer a miser and prefers the gold of Eppies hair to money. Gold also plays a big part in the life of Godfrey Cass; he needs the money for his horse to pay off his father, in the early part of the story, but he never receives it. After this gold is only in Godfreys life to be used make people serve his wants. That is until the finding of Dunstan Casss skeleton, and Marners money, in the stone pits close to Silas Marners cottage. Of course the money is returned to Marner but Godfrey Cass cant help but think that the money was stolen for him and it cost his brother a greater price, his life. This is also the time when Godfrey tells Nancy, his wife, about his daughter and tries to buy Eppie back. In the end of the novel, Eppie gets married to Aaron Winthrop, the gardener at the Red House, and Godfrey Cass pays for the reception but does not attend, the final sign that he uses his money to maintain his reputation within the community.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Proper operations management offers the management of any organization the chance to put in place proper operation strategies that provide the overall direction, which serves the framework for conducting all the functions of the organization (Clay 2007, 27). It is essential that every organization sets a pattern of decisions that shape its long term capabilities in any type of operations and positively affect the contribution of the overall strategy. This is through reconciliation of market requirements with the available operations resources. This task looks into how firms in the travel industry in Park Place (Cardiff) compete through their operations. The task looks dissects the significance of operations management for new firms in beating existing competition through operations of existing firms in the market. It takes a case study of Comfy Zone Travelers Corporation that intends to have a new branch in Park Place, Cardiff. In order to understand the operation strategies that companies in the Travelling Sector in Cardiff have put in place to counter competition, the research takes both qualitative and quantitative approach. The survey acknowledges that while the actual market share of each of the competing firms in the sector is a good indicator of well-thought operation strategies, it also appreciates that there are several factors of the market that may not be quantified. In this realization, the researchers conducted a market survey to determine both the market share of the existing firms in the traveling industry as well as understanding the thoughts of the market on the operations strategies the companies use. The survey concentrated on a sample of the target market. Since Comfy Zone Corporation intends to introduce its services in all sectors of transport in the town, the interrogation covered all users of public transport from roads to air. Given that a majority of

Research the roles of African Americans in the military history of Essay

Research the roles of African Americans in the military history of World War I. How were African Americans recruited How were t - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss African American soldiers’ role in the military history of the First World War, starting with the process of recruitment, moving along to their experiences in the armed forces, as well as in combat, and finally exploring the psychological impact it had on African Americans, in addition to their view of racial discrimination. 2.0 African Americans and Recruitment In the spring of 1917, The United States of America had to face a war of unsurpassed magnitude, requiring it to harness all its resources -- material, intellectual, and human. Hence, this was the mobilization of the colored people as a part of the country’s line of defense in the First World War (Williams 15). However, the path towards the fulfillment of their patriotic duty was not paved clear. Opposition in the person of members of the senate and southern democrats existed (Orr 90). The aforementioned officials resisted the idea of including African American draftees in the armed fo rces of the United States. Senator James K. Vardaman was adamant in his idea that millions of armed colored men served only as an unparalleled peril to the South (Ellis 11). However, because of black leaders’ efforts, 367,710 blacks were drafted (Orr 90). These African American draftees consisted of a variety of professions from common workers and farmers to physicians and attorneys. They were issued drafts on the months of June and September, and were ordered to join the 1,200 enlistees in Fort Dodge, Des Moines, Iowa in a Colored Officers Training Camp, regardless if they were willing to do so or not (Lentz-Smith 41). The aforementioned training camp was made possible through the resoluteness of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in pushing for the setting up of a training school for African American officers (Orr 91). 2.1 African Americans in the Armed Forces and in Combat African Americans’ participation in military defense was a n unheard of concept even if it was in service to America (Lentz-Smith 21). Majority of white people greatly opposed this on the premise that colored people could not be capable soldiers (Williams 2). Some even went so far as to consider the colored man as more like a farm animal such as a horse instead of a man; an example was Ely Green who decided to enlist in the war upon hearing that very discriminating statement from white farmers (Lentz- Smith 38). Even with their entry to the armed forces, African Americans experienced the said discrimination. 200, 000 of those black soldiers were relegated to the American Expeditionary Force and were assigned labor functions -- something as menial as digging up trenches (Roberts and Tucker 2318). Hence, the reality of shouldering shovels in place of guns (Williams 2). The Navy further highlighted this by only including black men as mess boys or attendants. However, no such emphasis compared to the Marines’ complete rejection of them ( Roberts and Tucker 2318). Racial discrimination was underlined in what is now known as the Battle of Anniston. The soldiers of the Third Alabama Colored Infantry experienced such blatant discrimination as they were driven back to camp by white military men and civilians when they went out on their first night there. They endured this

Identify three (3) risks of the bid strategy Essay Example for Free

Identify three (3) risks of the bid strategy Essay After identifying the customer key evaluation requirements I have identified three risks that may affect our bidding strategy. First, I want to identify why it’s important to know your risks when creating a bid strategy to help you understand why I choose these top three risks. Risk management is the process of identifying risk issues and the options for controlling them, commissioning a risk assessment, reviewing the results and selecting amongst the assessed options to best meet the goals. The purpose of risk analysis is to help managers better understand the risks (and opportunities) they face and to evaluate the options available for their control. (Vose software, 2007) The top risk of the bid strategy for this company would be price. Price was selected as the top risk because although the company would like to win the bid, the price has to be within a range where they could also make money. The second risk selected is Logistics. This risk was selected since the product has to travel overseas. Depending on the time frame and the cost to have the product shipped the product may not make it to the destination in time. It is very important to have the product delivered in a timely manner to satisfy the end user requirements. Thirdly, the last risk selected is Customer Commitment. Our company must follow all the requirements in order to make the end user happy. Since the product is going overseas it will be hard to follow up on maintenance. Without having our own personnel at the end user location or close to the location it will also be a challenge if there are any issues with the product. Based on the three risks of the bid strategies that were selected there are also three opportunities to mitigate each risk. First we have the price, now when negotiating on the rate we will really need to do our research. It’s important to have knowledge of previous pricing and to also include overhead, packaging and transportation. Although, we have to take all these things into consideration we also have to remember we are not the only company bidding on this offer so we must rate acceptable amount. Next, we have logistics. Our company would have to negotiate with a freight forwarder for a reasonable rate to have the freight transported to the final destination. In order to negotiate a reasonable rate we would mention that if the rate offered is good this would be an opportunity for extreme growth. While we are negotiating we would have to make sure the transit times would be guaranteed in order to have freight delivered to the destination on time. Finally, we have customer commitment. This may be the most important opportunity of them all. If our company is able to provide a reliable solution to the end user needs we will gain past performance while making our customer happy. We will provide this service by checking with the customer on a monthly basis and sending an employee over to the end user location every two to three months to check that our products are working correctly. The flip side of risk is opportunity. Every bid carriers with it some opportunities beyond those represented by winning the contract. Potential opportunities include future additions or changes to contract value via market share, maintaining dominance in a particular area, protecting an area or contract from assault by competitors, or using the contract as a gateway to future procurements. Osborne, 2011) In conclusion, by looking into these risks and opportunities we will be able to determine whether we want to bid or no bid. If we cannot provide the end user with the requirements they need in a timely manner at a great cost it will not be beneficial for us to move forward with the bid procedures. As a company we must protect our brand and our products. So, we need to look closely at this conclusion to make our final bid or no bid decision.

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Sex- Based Migration in Black Bears (Ursus americanus) Introduction: Ursus americanus, the American black bear is the most common of the world’s bear species, about up to twelve times more abundant than grizzly or brown bears. They usually occupy forested areas but their habitats are highly variable— from the Louisiana Bayou to the Labrador Tundra, and the Northwestern rain forests in between. (Wilson & Ruff, 1999) American black bears are hunted legally seasonally due to their widespread population and distribution. However, with the increase in deforestation for industrialization in the Tri-State (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania) area, the habitat loss could have adverse effects on the black bear populations. An interference with their natural territory could lead to alteration in the dispersal patterns. (Dixon, Wooten, McCown, Oli, Eason, & Cunningham, 2007) Black bears are omnivorous and although a part of their diet consists of meat and insects, they primarily rely on fruits and nuts for their diet. Therefore, a plant’s annual cycle of fruiting is tied to a bear’s annual behavior and its physiological cycle. (Wilson & Ruff, 1999) Bears tend to congregate and gather in an area with an abundance of food and occasionally return time and again to areas with ease of access to foods- like dumpsters. (North American Bear Center) Despite this, black bear dispersal is not reliant on local food shortages in population densities that have been observed. (Rogers, 1987) There are other factors influencing the dispersal and migrations of black bears which have been studied. Urus americanus are not known to monogamous and mate promiscuously. (Rogers, 1987) Males mate with more than one female and disperse more, sometimes looking for oth... ... cubs will be expected to be found closer to or at their initial home range. If however, a larger number of female bear’s DNA is collected farther than their home ranges, it could imply that previous studies bases solely on observation or mark and recapture methods were inaccurate due to the limited populations that were sampled. An observation of this nature could imply that sows dispersed farther in search for new mates or safer dens for their cubs rather than males who were expected to wander away. More likely though, this observation could be an exception to the rule or just flawed collection and processing techniques. Providing that the study conducted is not faulty, it will supply important information regarding dispersal patters of the American black bear. Even the data gathered in the course of this study can be used for further research on Ursus americanus.

Analysis of ‘Icarus’ by Christine Hemp Essay

In the poem â€Å"Icarus,† Christine Hemp uses literary devices to convey that a father-son relationship can be problematic. Hemp pulls a twist on the original myth, and retells it in Icarus’ point of view. Her version of the myth shows that Icarus wasn’t very fond of his father Daedalus; however Daedalus didn’t realize that Icarus wanted to be free. â€Å"bound by the string†¦for years to untie TO I didn’t know†¦to return† (#14 and 15 TO 16 and 17) This quote portrays the emotion Icarus feels towards his father by the use of irony. At this point, the reader understands that Icarus had to deal with Daedalus with only the hope of exiting the prison, but once free he longs to be away from his father. Christine Hemp threw a new strand of emotion into the mix by showing that Icarus wanted to be free; as doing so, he caused a catastrophe. â€Å"Poor Daedalus, his mouth an O below, his hands outstretched to catch the rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (#18 and 19) This excerpt shows diction, which illustrates Daedalus’ innocence with the words ‘poor’ and ‘O below’. Hemp also tried to show the difference between Icarus and Daedalus by using asyndeton. â€Å"my clumsiness with figures, father’s calm impatience, cool logic, interminable devising.† (#8 and 9) This shows Icarus’ reasons as to why he doesn’t like Daedalus, and why he tries to be better than his father. Since Daedalus is clueless, he couldn’t prevent Icarus’ death; now the reader can infer that Daedalus will have a life of sorrow and regret, without knowing the truth. Hemp’s use of the devices diction, irony, and asyndeton help the reader further understand the myth in a way the original myth couldn’t.